NSE & BSE Indices Futures and Options Open Interest Volume Analysis for 9/10/2025

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Open Interest Volume Analysis

On 9th October 2025, the combined futures and options setup told a nuanced story of selective optimism and sector rotation, as highlighted by Open Interest Volume Analysis. Nifty’s combined futures open interest dipped by 1%, reflecting broad short covering in the face of mild price gains, suggesting that traders are booking out of Friday positions rather than chasing a breakout.

However, the November futures contract showed fresh long interest—signaling that market participants remain confident about the next leg up but are shifting their bets further out on the calendar. Bank Nifty, on the other hand, reversed trend with combined futures OI climbing 1.3%, driven by fresh long accumulation in both October and November series, which hints at a strong undercurrent of demand in financials. Finnifty was the standout, with a sharp 13% surge in OI across all contracts and aggressive long builds in both October and November, confirming that financial sector appetite remains robust.

In contrast, Midcap Nifty displayed sectoral divergence: short covering in October but fresh long additions in November, a sign of participants cherry-picking midcap exposure for the next week. Sensex futures showed aggressive short covering—down nearly 11% OI—even as spot prices rose, paralleling the bullish bias. Today’s Open Interest Volume Analysis reveals a market warming up to new positions in select pockets while keeping risk balanced in others.

NSE & BSE F&O Market Signals

NIFTY Future analysis

NIFTY Spot closed at: 25181.8 (0.5%)

Combined = October + November + December

Combined Fut Open Interest Change: -1.0%

Combined Fut Volume Change: -9.6%

Combined Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

Rollover: 7% Previous 7%

NIFTY OCTOBER Future closed at: 25273.8 (0.6%)

October Fut Premium 92 (Increased by 17.75 points)

October Fut Open Interest Change: -1.1%

October Fut Volume Change: -8.7%

October Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

NIFTY NOVEMBER Future closed at: 25403 (0.6%)

November Fut Premium 221.2 (Increased by 19.65 points)

November Fut Open Interest Change: 1.0%

November Fut Volume Change: -23.4%

November Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

NIFTY Weekly Expiry (14/10/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 1.005 (Increased from 0.622)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 0.895

Max Pain Level: 25150

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 26000

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 25000

Highest CALL Addition: 25400

Highest PUT Addition: 25100

NIFTY Monthly Expiry (28/10/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 1.014 (Decreased from 1.021)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 0.978

Max Pain Level: 25000

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 26000

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 25000

Highest CALL Addition: 25600

Highest PUT Addition: 24900

BANKNIFTY Future Analysis

BANKNIFTY Spot closed at: 56192.05 (0.3%)

Combined = October + November + December

Combined Fut Open Interest Change: 1.3%

Combined Fut Volume Change: -29.3%

Combined Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

Rollover: 11% Previous 11%

BANKNIFTY OCTOBER Future closed at: 56413.2 (0.3%)

October Fut Premium 221.15 (Increased by 21.4 points)

October Fut Open Interest Change: 1.3%

October Fut Volume Change: -28.8%

October Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

BANKNIFTY NOVEMBER Future closed at: 56714.8 (0.3%)

November Fut Premium 522.75 (Increased by 4.8 points)

November Fut Open Interest Change: 0.4%

November Fut Volume Change: -32.9%

November Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

BANKNIFTY Monthly Expiry  (28/10/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 1.055 (Increased from 1.030)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 0.890

Max Pain Level: 56000

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 57000

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 55000

Highest CALL Addition: 60500

Highest PUT Addition: 56200

FINNIFTY Future Analysis

FINNIFTY Spot closed at: 26724.3 (0.3%)

Combined = October + November + December

Combined Fut Open Interest Change: 13.0%

Combined Fut Volume Change: 42.7%

Combined Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

Rollover: 4% Previous 4%

FINNIFTY OCTOBER Future closed at: 26833.5 (0.3%)

October Fut Premium 109.2 (Increased by 14.7 points)

October Fut Open Interest Change: 12.9%

October Fut Volume Change: 45.6%

October Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

FINNIFTY NOVEMBER Future closed at: 26973.3 (0.4%)

November Fut Premium 249 (Increased by 33.2 points)

November Fut Open Interest Change: 15.8%

November Fut Volume Change: -18.2%

November Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

FINNIFTY Monthly Expiry  (28/10/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 0.597 (Increased from 0.548)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 0.626

Max Pain Level: 26700

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 27200

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 26000

Highest CALL Addition: 27100

Highest PUT Addition: 26000

MIDCPNIFTY Future Analysis

MIDCPNIFTY Spot closed at: 13034.55 (1.0%)

Combined = October + November + December

Combined Fut Open Interest Change: -1.4%

Combined Fut Volume Change: -21.9%

Combined Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

Rollover: 3% Previous 3%

MIDCPNIFTY OCTOBER Future closed at: 13100.75 (1.2%)

October Fut Premium 66.2 (Increased by 25.5 points)

October Fut Open Interest Change: -1.5%

October Fut Volume Change: -21.5%

October Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

MIDCPNIFTY NOVEMBER Future closed at: 13157.1 (1.1%)

November Fut Premium 122.55 (Increased by 19.2 points)

November Fut Open Interest Change: 2.7%

November Fut Volume Change: -23.1%

November Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

MIDCPNIFTY Monthly Expiry  (28/10/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 1.253 (Increased from 1.102)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 1.098

Max Pain Level: 13000

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 13000

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 13000

Highest CALL Addition: 13100

Highest PUT Addition: 12700

SENSEX Monthly Expiry (30/10/2025) Future

SENSEX Spot closed at: 82,172.10 (0.49%)

SENSEX Monthly Future closed at: 82,516.60 (0.48%)

Premium: 344.5 (Decreased by -6.69 points)

Open Interest Change: -10.9%

Volume Change: -5.0%

Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

SENSEX Weekly Expiry (16/10/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (OI): 1.136 (Increased from 0.778)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 1.034

Max Pain Level: 82000

Maximum CALL OI: 82000

Maximum PUT OI: 82000

Highest CALL Addition: 85000

Highest PUT Addition: 82000

FII & DII Cash Market Activity

FIIs Net BUY: ₹ 1,308.16 Cr.
DIIs Net BUY: ₹ 864.36 Cr.

FII Derivatives Activity

FII Trading Stats9.10.258.10.257.10.25
FII Cash (Provisional Data)1,308.1681.281,440.66
Index Future Open Interest Long Ratio7.49%7.50%7.34%
Index Future Volume Long Ratio55.33%51.79%62.85%
Call Option Open Interest Long Ratio48.65%47.09%48.06%
Call Option Volume Long Ratio50.21%49.82%50.00%
Put Option Open Interest Long Ratio64.31%66.93%68.69%
Put Option Volume Long Ratio49.80%50.22%50.19%
Stock Future Open Interest Long Ratio61.17%60.95%61.25%
Stock Future Volume Long Ratio52.09%46.29%48.01%
    
Index FuturesShort CoveringShort CoveringShort Covering
Index OptionsFresh ShortFresh LongShort Covering
    
Nifty FuturesShort CoveringFresh ShortShort Covering
Nifty OptionsFresh ShortFresh LongShort Covering
    
BankNifty FuturesShort CoveringShort CoveringShort Covering
BankNifty OptionsLong CoveringFresh ShortFresh Short
    
FinNifty FuturesFresh ShortFresh ShortFresh Short
FinNifty OptionsShort CoveringFresh ShortFresh Short
    
MidcpNifty FuturesFresh LongLong CoveringShort Covering
MidcpNifty OptionsFresh LongFresh LongFresh Short
    
NiftyNxt50 FuturesLong CoveringShort CoveringFresh Short
NiftyNxt50 OptionsFresh LongFresh LongFresh Long
    
Stock FuturesFresh LongLong CoveringLong Covering
Stock OptionsFresh LongFresh LongFresh Short

Fresh Long: Net Buy with Increase in Open Interest
Fresh Short: Net Sell with Increase in Open Interest
Short Covering: Net Buy with Decrease in Open Interest
Long Covering: Net Sell with Decrease in Open Interest

SENSEX Weekly Expiry (16/10/2025)

The SENSEX index closed at 82172.1. The SENSEX weekly expiry for OCTOBER 16, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 1.136 against previous 0.778. The 82000PE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 82000CE and 78000PE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 82000PE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 78000PE and 85000CE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 81500CE, 81700CE, and 81600CE options. Trading volume was highest in the 82000CE option, followed by the 82000PE and 83000CE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

SENSEXWeeklyExpiry:16-10-2025
Index SpotPCR OIPrev PCR OIPCR VOL
82172.11.1360.7781.034
Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
 CurrentPriorNet Ch
CALL:      39,47,620        16,97,800           22,49,820
PUT:      44,85,620        13,21,700           31,63,920
Top CALL Open Interest:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
82000        5,23,780          2,49,380           34,44,160
85000        4,10,800          3,07,360              9,27,500
Top CALL Open Interest addition:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
85000        4,10,800          3,07,360              9,27,500
82000        5,23,780          2,49,380           34,44,160
Top CALL Open Interest reduction:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
81500            34,520              -6,740              1,98,260
81700            24,180              -3,940              2,45,860
Top CALL Volume:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
82000        5,23,780          2,49,380           34,44,160
83000        2,45,860              84,320           18,92,480
Top PUT Open Interest:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
82000        5,95,500          3,96,120           32,28,840
78000        4,95,100          3,84,320              9,12,140
Top PUT Open Interest addition:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
82000        5,95,500          3,96,120           32,28,840
78000        4,95,100          3,84,320              9,12,140
Top PUT Open Interest reduction:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
83400                  120                    -40                          80
                    –                       –                             –  
Top PUT Volume:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
82000        5,95,500          3,96,120           32,28,840
81000        2,42,460          1,09,820           17,68,640

NIFTY Weekly Expiry (14/10/2025)

The NIFTY index closed at 25181.8. The NIFTY weekly expiry for OCTOBER 14, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 1.005 against previous 0.622. The 25000PE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 26000CE and 25100PE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 25100PE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 25000PE and 25050PE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 25100CE, 25150CE, and 25200CE options. Trading volume was highest in the 25200CE option, followed by the 25100PE and 25100CE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

NIFTYWeekly Expiry:14-10-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         25,181.80                1.005                  0.622               0.895
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL: 14,97,50,700   15,55,65,375     -58,14,675
 PUT: 15,05,32,875      9,67,73,775   5,37,59,100
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000    1,34,49,375            3,22,125         8,69,704
               25,500    1,03,10,175         10,72,125       16,72,704
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,400       87,73,725         16,62,450       19,33,085
               25,600       73,12,050         12,34,275         8,42,065
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,100       44,43,375        -46,64,625       39,40,831
               25,150       34,94,625        -29,35,800       32,21,911
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,200       98,31,975        -19,64,475       46,41,516
               25,100       44,43,375        -46,64,625       39,40,831
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000    1,37,26,650         58,93,575       35,43,693
               25,100    1,07,77,575         62,68,800       44,01,376
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,100    1,07,77,575         62,68,800       44,01,376
               25,000    1,37,26,650         58,93,575       35,43,693
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               23,700       13,02,600              -88,200         1,11,186
               24,850       23,97,075              -81,900         7,67,626
 Top PUT Volume: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,100    1,07,77,575         62,68,800       44,01,376
               25,000    1,37,26,650         58,93,575       35,43,693

NIFTY Monthly Expiry (28/10/2025)

The NIFTY index closed at 25181.8. The NIFTY monthly expiry for OCTOBER 28, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 1.014 against previous 1.021. The 26000CE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 25500CE and 25000PE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 25600CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 25700CE and 24900PE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 24800PE, 25000CE, and 25100CE options. Trading volume was highest in the 25500CE option, followed by the 25000PE and 25200CE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

NIFTY Monthly Expiry:28-10-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         25,181.80                1.014                  1.021               0.978
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL:    4,48,65,900      4,44,03,000         4,62,900
 PUT:    4,55,08,875      4,53,50,100         1,58,775
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000       54,15,300               40,800             56,656
               25,500       50,63,025              -49,650         1,07,263
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,600       20,20,650            7,42,950             46,698
               25,700       19,39,575            6,22,650             48,933
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000       33,88,950          -4,68,825             53,418
               25,100       14,31,900          -2,25,525             51,574
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,500       50,63,025              -49,650         1,07,263
               25,200       21,73,425          -1,11,525             80,099
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000       46,27,125              -40,575         1,02,837
               24,000       35,25,000              -36,600             35,832
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               24,900       19,59,300            4,57,800             39,461
               25,100       14,77,800            2,28,900             58,839
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               24,800       33,51,900          -6,21,300             62,319
               24,500       32,91,825          -1,49,625             53,434
 Top PUT Volume: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000       46,27,125              -40,575         1,02,837
               25,200       17,16,225              -36,450             65,946

BANKNIFTY Monthly Expiry (28/10/2025)

The BANKNIFTY index closed at 56192.05. The BANKNIFTY monthly expiry for OCTOBER 28, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 1.055 against previous 1.030. The 57000CE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 55000PE and 54000PE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 60500CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 56200PE and 56500PE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 56000CE, 55500CE, and 56300CE options. Trading volume was highest in the 56000PE option, followed by the 56000CE and 56500CE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

BANKNIFTY Monthly Expiry:28-10-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         56,192.05                1.055                  1.030               0.890
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL:    1,63,45,385      1,59,33,925         4,11,460
 PUT:    1,72,45,270      1,64,09,120         8,36,150
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               57,000       21,30,065                     210             99,797
               58,000       12,15,585               27,020             54,396
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               60,500          2,28,165            1,08,850             11,833
               63,500          3,09,470               75,075               8,842
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               56,000       10,76,250              -68,460         1,41,426
               55,500          4,26,335              -48,125             12,506
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               56,000       10,76,250              -68,460         1,41,426
               56,500          8,41,820               34,580         1,06,332
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               55,000       17,31,520               37,415             67,271
               54,000       12,44,285               12,005             39,657
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               56,200          2,84,900               96,250             87,763
               56,500          4,45,305               78,715             43,345
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               52,800             31,745              -21,945               3,240
               50,000          2,71,775              -17,780             10,985
 Top PUT Volume: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               56,000       12,19,610               54,600         1,73,717
               56,200          2,84,900               96,250             87,763

FINNIFTY Monthly Expiry (28/10/2025)

The FINNIFTY index closed at 26724.3. The FINNIFTY monthly expiry for OCTOBER 28, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 0.597 against previous 0.548. The 27200CE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 27300CE and 27000CE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 27100CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 26000PE and 26500PE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 27200CE, 27300CE, and 27000CE options. Trading volume was highest in the 27000CE option, followed by the 27200CE and 26600PE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

FINNIFTY Monthly Expiry:28-10-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         26,724.30                0.597                  0.548               0.626
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL:       11,31,975         11,85,795           -53,820
 PUT:          6,75,740            6,49,415             26,325
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,200          2,17,295              -32,240               3,884
               27,300          1,38,580              -23,075               1,142
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,100             28,535               28,535                   635
               26,700             32,110                  6,240               2,690
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,200          2,17,295              -32,240               3,884
               27,300          1,38,580              -23,075               1,142
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,000             89,505              -18,850               3,952
               27,200          2,17,295              -32,240               3,884
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000             66,235               13,195                   997
               27,200             61,230                     520                     10
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000             66,235               13,195                   997
               26,500             48,425                  9,295               1,940
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000             57,655                -8,970                   927
               26,400             47,710                -2,665               1,389
 Top PUT Volume:   
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,600             36,855                -1,755               3,381
               26,700             34,905                  4,290               2,297

MIDCPNIFTY Monthly Expiry (28/10/2025)

The MIDCPNIFTY index closed at 13034.55. The MIDCPNIFTY monthly expiry for OCTOBER 28, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 1.253 against previous 1.102. The 13000CE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 13000PE and 14000CE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 12700PE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 13000PE and 13100PE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 68400PE, 76000CE, and 76000PE options. Trading volume was highest in the 13000CE option, followed by the 13000PE and 12900PE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

MIDCPNIFTY Monthly Expiry:28-10-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         13,034.55                1.253                  1.102               1.098
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL:       58,45,980         59,38,240           -92,260
 PUT:       73,22,140         65,45,280         7,76,860
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,000          7,75,040          -2,01,320             22,700
               14,000          7,13,160               33,880               3,894
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,100          3,09,260               90,300               8,024
               13,600          2,34,360               50,680               3,889
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,000          7,75,040          -2,01,320             22,700
               12,900          1,06,540              -50,120               3,587
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,000          7,75,040          -2,01,320             22,700
               13,500          6,00,740              -31,080               9,090
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,000          7,18,900            1,62,120             18,151
               12,500          6,67,520          -2,40,100               8,545
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               12,700          6,54,220            3,08,700               8,434
               13,000          7,18,900            1,62,120             18,151
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               12,500          6,67,520          -2,40,100               8,545
               12,000          5,95,420              -63,140               4,370
 Top PUT Volume: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,000          7,18,900            1,62,120             18,151
               12,900          3,83,740               70,280             14,847

Conclusion: What the NSE & BSE Indices Futures and Options Open Interest Volume Analysis Tells Us

The derivatives snapshot for 9th October 2025 paints an interesting pre-weekend setup. Nifty and Sensex are dominated by short covering, highlighting that profit booking and rollover unwinding are still in play for index heavyweights. Yet the distinct fresh long buildup in Bank Nifty, Finnifty, and Midcap Nifty (especially in November contracts) shows the market’s confidence is re-emerging within financials and select midcaps.

Options data backs this up: rising PCR in both weekly and monthly series for Bank Nifty, Finnifty, and midcap contracts points to strengthening support, even as call writers continue to cap upside close to resistance. Overall, the Open Interest Volume Analysis signals that while broad index moves remain cautious, sector-led bullishness is quietly gathering force and may drive the next directional move if global cues stay friendly and domestic triggers align post-expiry.

Check Previous Day’s NSE & BSE Indices F&O Analysis

FII / FPI trading activity in Capital Market Segment

NSE Derivatives Raw Data

BSE Derivatives Raw Data

Disclaimer

fnodata.com is a financial blog providing research-based data and analysis. The content creator of the fnodata.com is not a SEBI registered Investment Advisor. The content on this blog is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as investment advice. You are responsible for your own investment decisions. You should consult with a financial advisor or conduct your own research before making any investment decisions.


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