NSE & BSE Indices Futures and Options Open Interest Volume Analysis for 13/11/2025

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Open Interest Volume Analysis

NIFTY’s Open Interest Volume Analysis points to tactical short covering: Combined open interest edges lower (-0.30%) as prices stay flat to slightly positive, revealing institutional traders are unwinding shorts after a brief bullish push.

Divergence between contracts: Near-month November futures show long covering, while December contracts jump (+6.89% OI) despite lower prices—signaling selective fresh shorts building further out even as immediate pressure eases.

Option chain signals mixed undertones: Weekly PCR (Open Interest) drops from 1.308 to 1.057, hinting at waning put writing and return of call writers near high strikes; monthly PCR nudges up to 1.005, reflecting a neutral-to-defensive stance around 25900 max pain.

Max pain and major additions form a tight trading band: Most active strikes, highest additions, and pain levels frame support and resistance zones between 25800–25900, suggesting the index could stay range-bound with intraday volatility.

Volume remains muted, confirming hesitation: Slight volume dip and open interest shuffle show that aggressive directional trades are absent, with institutions waiting for clearer signals.

NSE & BSE F&O Market Signals

NIFTY Future analysis

NIFTY Spot closed at: 25879.15 (0.013%)

Combined = November + December + January

Combined Fut Open Interest Change: -0.30%

Combined Fut Volume Change: -1.60%

Combined Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

Rollover: 10% Previous 9%

NIFTY NOVEMBER Future closed at: 25953.8 (-0.124%)

November Fut Premium 74.65 (Decreased by -35.65 points)

November Fut Open Interest Change: -0.99%

November Fut Volume Change: -1.85%

November Fut Open Interest Analysis: Long Covering

NIFTY DECEMBER Future closed at: 26134.9 (-0.111%)

December Fut Premium 255.75 (Decreased by -32.45 points)

December Fut Open Interest Change: 6.89%

December Fut Volume Change: -2.51%

December Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Short

NIFTY Weekly Expiry (18/11/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 1.057 (Decreased from 1.308)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 0.899

Max Pain Level: 25900

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 27000

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 25000

Highest CALL Addition: 27000

Highest PUT Addition: 25000

NIFTY Monthly Expiry (25/11/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 1.005 (Increased from 0.978)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 0.943

Max Pain Level: 25900

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 26000

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 25000

Highest CALL Addition: 26300

Highest PUT Addition: 25700

BANKNIFTY Future Analysis

BANKNIFTY Spot closed at: 58381.95 (0.184%)

Combined = November + December + January

Combined Fut Open Interest Change: -6.98%

Combined Fut Volume Change: 11.28%

Combined Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

Rollover: 11% Previous 10%

BANKNIFTY NOVEMBER Future closed at: 58535 (0.020%)

November Fut Premium 153.05 (Decreased by -95.5 points)

November Fut Open Interest Change: -8.6%

November Fut Volume Change: 10.2%

November Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

BANKNIFTY DECEMBER Future closed at: 58888.8 (0.036%)

December Fut Premium 506.85 (Decreased by -86.1 points)

December Fut Open Interest Change: 5.79%

December Fut Volume Change: 22.24%

December Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Long

BANKNIFTY Monthly Expiry  (25/11/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 0.938 (Increased from 0.927)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 0.870

Max Pain Level: 58200

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 58500

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 58500

Highest CALL Addition: 58500

Highest PUT Addition: 54500

FINNIFTY Future Analysis

FINNIFTY Spot closed at: 27396.15 (0.215%)

Combined = November + December + January

Combined Fut Open Interest Change: -2.8%

Combined Fut Volume Change: 1.7%

Combined Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

Rollover: 4% Previous 4%

FINNIFTY NOVEMBER Future closed at: 27476 (0.060%)

November Fut Premium 79.85 (Decreased by -42.3 points)

November Fut Open Interest Change: -2.88%

November Fut Volume Change: 6.98%

November Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

FINNIFTY DECEMBER Future closed at: 27622 (0.025%)

December Fut Premium 225.85 (Decreased by -51.8 points)

December Fut Open Interest Change: 0.00%

December Fut Volume Change: -46.43%

December Fut Open Interest Analysis: Short Covering

FINNIFTY Monthly Expiry  (25/11/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 0.826 (Decreased from 0.875)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 0.701

Max Pain Level: 27400

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 27500

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 26000

Highest CALL Addition: 27800

Highest PUT Addition: 25500

MIDCPNIFTY Future Analysis

MIDCPNIFTY Spot closed at: 13826.6 (-0.208%)

Combined = November + December + January

Combined Fut Open Interest Change: -0.92%

Combined Fut Volume Change: -71.30%

Combined Fut Open Interest Analysis: Long Covering

Rollover: 3% Previous 3%

MIDCPNIFTY NOVEMBER Future closed at: 13867.85 (-0.524%)

November Fut Premium 41.25 (Decreased by -44.25 points)

November Fut Open Interest Change: -1.32%

November Fut Volume Change: -73.05%

November Fut Open Interest Analysis: Long Covering

MIDCPNIFTY DECEMBER Future closed at: 13928.65 (-0.440%)

December Fut Premium 102.05 (Decreased by -32.7 points)

December Fut Open Interest Change: 12.58%

December Fut Volume Change: -18.22%

December Fut Open Interest Analysis: Fresh Short

MIDCPNIFTY Monthly Expiry  (25/11/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (Open Interest): 1.177 (Decreased from 1.207)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 1.188

Max Pain Level: 13700

Maximum CALL Open Interest: 14000

Maximum PUT Open Interest: 13500

Highest CALL Addition: 14300

Highest PUT Addition: 13500

SENSEX Monthly Expiry (27/11/2025) Future

SENSEX Spot closed at: 84,478.67 (0.014%)

SENSEX Monthly Future closed at: 84,771.05 (-0.117%)

Premium: 292.38 (Decreased by -111.06 points)

Open Interest Change: -4.65%

Volume Change: 27.97%

Open Interest Analysis: Long Covering

SENSEX Weekly Expiry (20/11/2025) Option Analysis

Put-Call Ratio (OI): 0.919 (Decreased from 1.115)

Put-Call Ratio (Volume): 1.013

Max Pain Level: 84500

Maximum CALL OI: 88000

Maximum PUT OI: 80000

Highest CALL Addition: 88000

Highest PUT Addition: 84500

FII & DII Cash Market Activity

FIIs Net SELL: ₹ 383.68 Cr.
DIIs Net BUY: ₹ 3,091.87 Cr.

FII Derivatives Activity

FII Trading Stats13.11.2512.11.2511.11.25
FII Cash (Provisional Data)-383.68-1,750.03-803.22
Index Future Open Interest Long Ratio11.74%11.98%12.68%
Index Future Volume Long Ratio55.16%45.66%43.89%
Call Option Open Interest Long Ratio50.86%50.98%50.14%
Call Option Volume Long Ratio50.00%50.18%50.33%
Put Option Open Interest Long Ratio60.88%59.97%64.04%
Put Option Volume Long Ratio50.35%49.48%49.79%
Stock Future Open Interest Long Ratio61.11%60.94%60.50%
Stock Future Volume Long Ratio51.06%54.00%49.70%
    
Index FuturesShort CoveringFresh ShortFresh Short
Index OptionsFresh LongFresh ShortShort Covering
    
Nifty FuturesShort CoveringShort CoveringFresh Short
Nifty OptionsFresh LongFresh ShortShort Covering
    
BankNifty FuturesFresh LongLong CoveringFresh Short
BankNifty OptionsFresh LongFresh ShortFresh Short
    
FinNifty FuturesFresh LongFresh ShortLong Covering
FinNifty OptionsShort CoveringShort CoveringShort Covering
    
MidcpNifty FuturesFresh ShortFresh ShortFresh Long
MidcpNifty OptionsShort CoveringFresh LongFresh Long
    
NiftyNxt50 FuturesShort CoveringFresh ShortLong Covering
NiftyNxt50 OptionsFresh ShortFresh LongFresh Short
    
Stock FuturesShort CoveringFresh LongFresh Long
Stock OptionsFresh ShortFresh ShortFresh Long

Fresh Long: Net Buy with Increase in Open Interest
Fresh Short: Net Sell with Increase in Open Interest
Short Covering: Net Buy with Decrease in Open Interest
Long Covering: Net Sell with Decrease in Open Interest

SENSEX Weekly Expiry (20/11/2025)

The SENSEX index closed at 84478.67. The SENSEX weekly expiry for NOVEMBER 20, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 0.919 against previous 1.115. The 88000CE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 80000PE and 84500PE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 88000CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 84500PE and 80000PE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 84200CE, 85400PE, and 83200CE options. Trading volume was highest in the 84500PE option, followed by the 85000CE and 84500CE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

SENSEXWeeklyExpiry:20-11-2025
Index SpotPCR OIPrev PCR OIPCR VOL
84478.670.9191.1151.013
Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
 CurrentPriorNet Ch
CALL:      33,90,860        15,12,340           18,78,520
PUT:      31,16,380        16,86,360           14,30,020
Top CALL Open Interest:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
88000        3,77,500          2,49,420           10,64,640
84500        2,18,900          1,12,680           18,40,780
Top CALL Open Interest addition:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
88000        3,77,500          2,49,420           10,64,640
84500        2,18,900          1,12,680           18,40,780
Top CALL Open Interest reduction:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
84200              9,000              -4,120                 82,440
83200              6,200                  -980                    2,260
Top CALL Volume:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
85000        1,86,260              59,160           20,99,760
84500        2,18,900          1,12,680           18,40,780
Top PUT Open Interest:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
80000        3,07,660          1,19,340              8,33,440
84500        2,66,760          1,36,180           22,30,940
Top PUT Open Interest addition:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
84500        2,66,760          1,36,180           22,30,940
80000        3,07,660          1,19,340              8,33,440
Top PUT Open Interest reduction:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
85400              2,340              -2,680                 16,700
76400                  860                    -60                       420
Top PUT Volume:
StrikeOIOI ChangeVolume
84500        2,66,760          1,36,180           22,30,940
84000        2,04,840              20,800           14,31,800

NIFTY Weekly Expiry (18/11/2025)

The NIFTY index closed at 25879.15. The NIFTY weekly expiry for NOVEMBER 18, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 1.057 against previous 1.308. The 27000CE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 25000PE and 26000CE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 27000CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 25000PE and 24500PE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 25350PE, 25550PE, and 25600PE options. Trading volume was highest in the 26000CE option, followed by the 25900PE and 25900CE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

NIFTYWeekly Expiry:18-11-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         25,879.15                1.057                  1.308               0.899
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL: 12,28,90,950      9,31,89,975   2,97,00,975
 PUT: 12,99,54,375   12,18,83,100       80,71,275
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,000    1,08,70,725         42,63,075         5,71,803
               26,000       92,40,600         24,09,375       35,05,921
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,000    1,08,70,725         42,63,075         5,71,803
               26,900       44,35,275         28,11,825         4,32,544
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,800       23,18,400          -7,65,600         9,85,129
               25,700       13,27,875          -5,69,475         2,51,739
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000       92,40,600         24,09,375       35,05,921
               25,900       59,89,575         15,40,200       26,50,850
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000       94,11,900         33,41,250         5,53,984
               24,500       79,13,100         30,88,725         3,75,605
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000       94,11,900         33,41,250         5,53,984
               24,500       79,13,100         30,88,725         3,75,605
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,350       16,90,425        -10,54,800         2,92,109
               25,550       21,23,550          -9,76,875         4,56,921
 Top PUT Volume: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,900       58,88,700            7,61,925       30,08,825
               25,800       68,80,950          -7,27,125       23,37,395

NIFTY Monthly Expiry (25/11/2025)

The NIFTY index closed at 25879.15. The NIFTY monthly expiry for NOVEMBER 25, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 1.005 against previous 0.978. The 26000CE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 27000CE and 25000PE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 26300CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 25700PE and 25900PE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 26400CE, 26000CE, and 24950PE options. Trading volume was highest in the 26000CE option, followed by the 26000PE and 25700PE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

NIFTY Monthly Expiry:25-11-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         25,879.15                1.005                  0.978               0.943
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL:    4,94,77,050      4,78,57,875       16,19,175
 PUT:    4,97,01,975      4,68,15,375       28,86,600
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000       56,45,625          -3,79,425         2,37,430
               27,000       47,87,775            2,74,125             68,916
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,300       27,43,200            6,56,250         1,35,615
               26,200       34,56,075            4,43,625         1,23,950
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,400       14,73,150          -4,66,275             95,641
               26,000       56,45,625          -3,79,425         2,37,430
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000       56,45,625          -3,79,425         2,37,430
               26,500       37,27,500            1,04,025         1,42,432
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000       43,30,575            1,99,350             85,366
               26,000       40,27,575            2,52,525         1,72,829
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,700       24,05,775            4,64,250         1,48,093
               25,900       20,37,825            4,56,450         1,45,198
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               24,950          1,85,550          -1,56,375             11,419
               23,800          3,91,350          -1,13,550               7,062
 Top PUT Volume: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000       40,27,575            2,52,525         1,72,829
               25,700       24,05,775            4,64,250         1,48,093

BANKNIFTY Monthly Expiry (25/11/2025)

The BANKNIFTY index closed at 58381.95. The BANKNIFTY monthly expiry for NOVEMBER 25, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 0.938 against previous 0.927. The 58500CE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 58500PE and 58000PE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 58500CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 54500PE and 63500CE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 58000CE, 58300CE, and 57600PE options. Trading volume was highest in the 58500CE option, followed by the 58500PE and 59000CE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

BANKNIFTY Monthly Expiry:25-11-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         58,381.95                0.938                  0.927               0.870
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL:    1,54,09,835      1,55,07,870           -98,035
 PUT:    1,44,56,190      1,43,70,860             85,330
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               58,500       16,44,510            1,28,345         2,30,160
               60,000       11,44,080                -4,060             78,865
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               58,500       16,44,510            1,28,345         2,30,160
               63,500          1,26,035               73,255               5,334
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               58,000       10,99,840          -2,37,545             67,086
               58,300          2,45,560              -57,540             71,606
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               58,500       16,44,510            1,28,345         2,30,160
               59,000       10,71,840               57,365         1,49,105
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               58,500       15,98,975               44,345         2,00,134
               58,000       14,62,265              -18,935         1,12,894
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               54,500          3,23,470            1,01,990             18,400
               46,000          1,37,900               58,170               6,209
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               57,600          2,88,575              -50,330             18,445
               57,000       11,79,500              -39,025             51,318
 Top PUT Volume: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               58,500       15,98,975               44,345         2,00,134
               58,000       14,62,265              -18,935         1,12,894

FINNIFTY Monthly Expiry (25/11/2025)

The FINNIFTY index closed at 27396.15. The FINNIFTY monthly expiry for NOVEMBER 25, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 0.826 against previous 0.875. The 26000PE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 27500CE and 27800CE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 27800CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 25500PE and 29500CE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 25000PE, 25300PE, and 28600CE options. Trading volume was highest in the 27500CE option, followed by the 27400CE and 27300PE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

FINNIFTY Monthly Expiry:25-11-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         27,396.15                0.826                  0.875               0.701
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL:          7,14,740            6,70,280             44,460
 PUT:          5,90,590            5,86,690               3,900
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,500             82,160                -4,940               3,817
               27,800             69,160               51,090               2,081
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,800             69,160               51,090               2,081
               29,500             26,585                  9,945                   223
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               28,600             39,715                -5,720                   217
               27,700             37,180                -5,655               1,335
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,500             82,160                -4,940               3,817
               27,400             34,060                -3,445               3,600
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               26,000             83,005                -4,030                   368
               26,500             46,085                     130                   309
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,500             32,825               20,670                   436
               27,400             30,030                  7,215               2,195
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               25,000             15,665                -9,945                   710
               25,300                9,555                -6,760                   254
 Top PUT Volume:   
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               27,300             44,460                  6,825               2,830
               27,500             45,500                -2,405               2,790

MIDCPNIFTY Monthly Expiry (25/11/2025)

The MIDCPNIFTY index closed at 13826.6. The MIDCPNIFTY monthly expiry for NOVEMBER 25, 2025 has revealed key trends in open interest. The current Put/Call Ratio is at 1.177 against previous 1.207. The 13500PE option holds the maximum open interest, followed by the 14000CE and 13300PE options. Market participants have shown increased interest with significant open interest additions in the 14300CE option, with open interest additions also seen in the 13500PE and 14400CE options. On the other hand, open interest reductions were prominent in the 71000CE, 70000CE, and 70000PE options. Trading volume was highest in the 14000CE option, followed by the 13800PE and 13900PE options, indicating active trading in these strikes.

MIDCPNIFTY Monthly Expiry:25-11-2025
 Index Spot PCR OI Prev PCR OI PCR VOL
         13,826.60                1.177                  1.207               1.188
 Total Open Interest Change in all CALLs & PUTs:
  Current Prior Net Ch
 CALL:       78,54,420         79,19,100           -64,680
 PUT:       92,48,260         95,62,280       -3,14,020
 Top CALL Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               14,000          9,39,400               30,800             19,496
               14,500          6,09,280               18,200               9,025
 Top CALL Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               14,300          5,25,280            1,55,400               7,550
               14,400          5,39,000            1,07,100               7,407
 Top CALL Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,800          4,93,920          -2,50,040               7,291
               14,200          5,31,440              -90,160               9,648
 Top CALL Volume:
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               14,000          9,39,400               30,800             19,496
               13,900          3,51,540                  7,840             14,508
 Top PUT Open Interest: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,500       10,70,160            1,27,820             15,014
               13,300          8,85,220              -78,540               7,158
 Top PUT Open Interest addition: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,500       10,70,160            1,27,820             15,014
               13,400          8,43,640               58,940               5,362
 Top PUT Open Interest reduction: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,800          7,16,940          -1,24,880             18,879
               12,500          4,39,180          -1,06,120               2,289
 Top PUT Volume: 
 Strike OI OI Change Volume
               13,800          7,16,940          -1,24,880             18,879
               13,900          2,28,760              -25,620             15,807

Conclusion: What the NSE & BSE Indices Futures and Options Open Interest Volume Analysis Tells Us

Short covering is the dominant short-term theme but fresh selling persists in out-month contracts: Today’s Open Interest Volume Analysis pins market sentiment as neutral, with a defensive bias until shorts unwind further.

Actionable feedback: Tactically trade in defined ranges (25800–25900) and use option pain levels for support/resistance—avoid chasing momentum, and switch to longs only if December OI reverses.

Sector cues: Watch FINNIFTY and MIDCPNIFTY—fresh short spikes in midcaps support range trading or selective short setups until long build-up resumes.

Monitor PCR and OI for next move: A decisive break above 1.05 PCR (monthly) with positive OI could kickstart a fresh uptrend—until then, maintain a nimble approach.

Stay patient: Open Interest Volume Analysis points toward sideways trading and stock-specific action, with best results for those who manage risk and adapt quickly to market rotation.

Check Previous Day’s NSE & BSE Indices F&O Analysis

FII / FPI trading activity in Capital Market Segment

NSE Derivatives Raw Data

BSE Derivatives Raw Data

Disclaimer

fnodata.com is a financial blog providing research-based data and analysis. The content creator of the fnodata.com is not a SEBI registered Investment Advisor. The content on this blog is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as investment advice. You are responsible for your own investment decisions. You should consult with a financial advisor or conduct your own research before making any investment decisions.


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